2.3. Extending the Topic.
2.3.1. You can find some terms and some definitions below. Match them.
2.3.2 CLIL models overseas and Europe. Compare the two models.
Canada: CLIL teaching started in Canada as a language immersion program. Interestingly it was originally a bottom-up initiative. Parents in Québec schools, who were dissatisfied with the status and efficiency of language teaching, turned to ministry officials in 1965 and demanded efficient language teaching in order to give their children better job prospects in bilingual Canada. The method was called immersion method and it concentrated on communication skills. Immersion programs are meant to emphasize developing fluency in an initially unknown language through content-based teaching. In summary, the immersion model originally had developed in Canada but later it began to be exported.
Europe:
Varying models of bilingual teaching have developed in Europe. The European Commission is now heavily pushing its requirement that every citizen of Europe should speak two further languages in addition to their native language. In order to fulfil this requirement, many countries in the European Union have been opting for integrated forms of language and content communication for some time, and are introducing them to their school systems. As it emerges from the Eurydice Report, CLIL is now established either permanently or within short-term projects in most European countries. For further details on this topic see the website http://www.indire.it/lucabas/lkmw_file/eurydice/CLIL_EN.pdf).
In this context between three and thirty per cent of students in primary and secondary education are receiving tuition of this kind. Luxemburg and Malta are the only countries in which all students are taught in at least two languages. There are monolingual and bilingual or trilingual countries.
2.3.3. These are the official languages of the European Union. Give examples of monolingual, bilingual and trilingual countries. (not counting the minority languages.)
Language |
Official in …… |
Since |
Bulgarian |
Bulgaria |
2007 |
Croatian |
Croatia, Austria |
2013 |
Czech |
Czech Republic, Slovakia |
2004 |
Danish |
Denmark, Germany |
1973 |
Dutch |
Belgium, Netherlands |
1958 |
English |
Ireland, Malta, UK, Gibraltar (UK) |
1973 |
Estonian |
Estonia |
2004 |
Finnish |
Finland |
1995 |
French |
Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg |
1958 |
German |
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg |
1958 |
Greek |
Cyprus, Greece |
1981 |
Hungarian |
Austria, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia |
2004 |
Irish |
Ireland, UK |
2007 |
Italian |
Croatia, Italy, Slovenia |
1958 |
Latvian |
Latvia |
2004 |
Lithuanian |
Lithuania |
2004 |
Maltese |
Malta |
2004 |
Polish |
Poland |
2004 |
Portuguese |
Portugal |
1986 |
Romanian |
Romania |
2007 |
Slovak |
Slovakia, Czech Republic |
2004 |
Slovenian |
Slovenia, Austria, Hungary, Italy |
2004 |
Spanish |
Spain |
1986 |
Swedish |
Sweden, Finland |
1995 |
From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union
2.3.4. Minority languages
A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the people living in a given territory. Minority languages are sometimes official languages, too, but often they are not.
In which countries are the following languages spoken as minority languages?