The characteristics of the endurance of football players
Endurance: The capability of physical and psychic resistance to tiredness shown at instances of longer pressure, and the capability of rapid regeneration after pressure. The development of physical skills requires just as careful planning from the specialists dealing with the young as the technical and tactical training. The development of physical skills is specific to age groups. The development of the physical skills of the young must be done in a way that it can enhance the development of the technical and tactical capacity to the maximum. What characterises the endurance of football players? Good football players have a medium level of aerobe capacity, an average muscle hypertrophy and muscle enzyme activity, hence they are regarded as having a medium level of endurance. They have to display a very good performance at repeated sprints (they need to have a major endurance of repetitive speed), and they obviously have to deal with the ball very well… They do not need a particularly high capacity of lactic acid, but their alactic acid anaerobe capacity is high at the exercises done with the lower limbs (Göltl B. 2002).
The classification of endurance:
- Aerobe capacity: when the energy required for movement is produced by the organism in the presence of oxygen. The intensity of the movement is low.
- Anaerobe capacity: when the energy required for movement is produced by the organism in an environment lacking oxygen. The intensity of the movement is high.
- Anaerobe lactic acid work: the movement is of high intensity, lasting for a short period (2 to 10 seconds).
- Anaerobe alactic acid work: the movement is intensive, lasting for over 10 seconds.
The main period of the training of aerobe capacity is the age of 12 to 16 years.
6 to 9 years:
- 3-on-3 to 6-on-6 plays
- technical and tactical exercises
- sustained running: 5 to 15 minutes
10 to 14 years:
- 3-on-3 to 10-on-10 plays
- technical and tactical exercises
- sustained running: 20 to 30 minutes
- sustained running: 20 to 30 minutes with fartlek
The training of the anaerobe alactic acid capacity with young footballers
6 to 9 years:
- technical elements without the ball, with maximum intensity and several repetitions
- technical and tactical elements with the ball, with optimal intensity and several repetitions
- one-on-one to 3-on-3 plays
- laying the foundations of the play with one and two touches in extra man situations, 2-on-3 or 3-on-1, etc., plays
- developing the reaction speed with exercises with and without the ball
10 to 14 years:
- technical elements without the ball, with maximum intensity in several series, with a repetitive method
- technical and tactical elements with the ball, with optimal intensity in several series, with an intensive interval method
- and several repetitions
- one-on-one to 3-on-3 plays
- laying the foundations of the play with one and two touches in extra man situations, 2-on-3 or 3-on-1, etc., plays
- developing the reaction speed with exercises with and without the ball
- dynamic strengthening of the legs in several series, with several repetitions, with a repetitive method